what does w and c mean on solar lights

It's hard to tell for sure if the plant will photosynthesize enough to thrive under green light, but it definitely will at least a little. photovoltaic (PV) effect The phenomenon that occurs when photons, the particles in a beam of light, knock electrons loose from the atoms they strike. Applying a small amount of dish soap to the surface of the solar panel and using a damp cloth might help to remove cloudiness. A key characteristic in evaluating cell performance. The efficiency of the inverter is lowest when the load demand is low. combined collector A photovoltaic device or module that provides useful heat energy in addition to electricity. Direct link to Mary Mosby's post Is the lumen really space, Posted 7 years ago. The electromagnetic spectrum is the entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. Circuitry: This is the most crucial component of a solar light, and the one that most often separates the good solar lights from the bad. superconductivity The abrupt and large increase in electrical conductivity exhibited by some metals as the temperature approaches absolute zero. As the image shows, adding up the total solar irradiance for a given location gives you the total peak sun hours value. Opposite of direct insolation. F. Solar lights can be turned off when not in use because they have an on/off switch. The blues are second, and green comes in last. Unfortunately, its probably time to discard the light if the LED doesnt function any further. total internal reflection The trapping of light by refraction and reflection at critical angles inside a semiconductor device so that it cannot escape the device and must be eventually absorbed by the semiconductor. Opposite of diffuse insolation. Together, all the types of electromagnetic radiation make up the, Every electromagnetic wave has a particular. sub-hourly energy markets Electricity markets that operate on time steps of 5 minutes. Placing a regular non-rechargeable battery inside a solar light LED with AA or AAA installed is an easy way to test the light. Replace your batteries with ones with a significantly higher mAh capacity if possible. sulfation A condition that afflicts unused and discharged batteries; large crystals of lead sulfate grow on the plate, instead of the usual tiny crystals, making the battery extremely difficult to recharge. LEDs can be wired in clusters to intensify the light output. multijunction device A high-efficiency photovoltaic device containing two or more cell junctions, each of which is optimized for a particular part of the solar spectrum. peak power point Operating point of the I-V (current-voltage) curve for a solar cell or photovoltaic module where the product of the current value times the voltage value is a maximum. Once finished, use a slightly damp . base load The average amount of electric power that a utility must supply in any period. For example, a surface that directly faces the sun has a solar angle of incidence of zero, but if the surface is parallel to the sun (for example, sunrise striking a horizontal rooftop), the angle of incidence is 90. gassing current The portion of charge current that goes into electrolytical production of hydrogen and oxygen from the electrolytic liquid. Optimally, a solar cell should generate considerable electrical current for wavelengths that are most abundant in sunlight. maximum power point (MPP) The point on the current-voltage (I-V) curve of a module under illumination, where the product of current and voltage is maximum. 100 Watt incandescent lamp produces 1700 - 1800 lumens and uses 100 Watts of energy per hour. The equivalent value of alternating current, I, that will produce the same heating in a conductor with resistance, R, as a dc current of value I. equalization charge The process of mixing the electrolyte in batteries by periodically overcharging the batteries for a short time. cell (battery) A single unit of an electrochemical device capable of producing direct voltage by converting chemical energy into electrical energy. We can go into a little more detail than that, though. The air mass is an indication of the length of the path solar radiation travels through the atmosphere. Normally used to protect sensitive equipment from power spikes or lightning strikes by shunting the energy to ground. shallow-cycle battery A battery with small plates that cannot withstand many discharges to a low state-of-charge. photovoltaic (PV) conversion efficiency The ratio of the electric power produced by a photovoltaic device to the power of the sunlight incident on the device. For a solar light, the wattage measures the necessary power provided by the PV-powered battery to power the lamp for the time required; the Lumens is a measurement of lamp output. Or when it is at its lowest point? LMPs are influenced by the nearby generation, load level, and transmission constraints and losses. Z zenith angle the angle between the direction of interest (of the sun, for example) and the zenith (directly overhead). square wave A waveform that has only two states, (i.e., positive or negative). At which wavelength is chlorophyll a most effective? load current (A) The current required by the electrical device. Total solar irradiation over the day = Total area under the solar irradiation curve = Total area of the peak sun hours box. work function The energy difference between the Fermi level and vacuum zero. standby current This is the amount of current (power) used by the inverter when no load is active (lost power). But since the voltage is not a factor in the formula for Q, this unit can only represent the number of coulombs of charge that a battery can store. Hope this helps! ampere (amp) A unit of electrical current or rate of flow of electrons. In the United States, the standard is 120 reversals or 60 cycles per second. input voltage This is determined by the total power required by the alternating current loads and the voltage of any direct current loads. gassing The evolution of gas from one or more of the electrodes in the cells of a battery. two-axis tracking A photovoltaic array tracking system capable of rotating independently about two axes (e.g., vertical and horizontal). MacBook Core m7 12in Buying Guide Why Its A Great Option? For instance, we would advise replacing the 1.2V 600mAh AA NiCd or NiMH batteries in your solar lights with our 1.2V NIMH AA 600mAh solar light batteries. concentrating solar power (CSP) A solar technology that use mirrors to reflect and concentrate sunlight onto receivers that convert solar energy to heat. low voltage warning A warning buzzer or light that indicates the low battery voltage set point has been reached. It recalls Chaucer's use of the word, which charms through juxtaposition: Ivanka is a crude villain in dainty designer clothing who panders to a father who boasts of grabbing women "by the . "N" stands for an additional nylon coating that makes the wire both oil and gasoline resistant. array current The electrical current produced by a photovoltaic array when it is exposed to sunlight. boron (B) The chemical element commonly used as the dopant in photovoltaic device or cell material. Manufactured by depositing layers of doped silicon on a substrate. charge rate The current applied to a cell or battery to restore its available capacity. How do carotenoids dissipate the excess energy as heat? Solar lights dont require much maintenance, but they require regular clean solar panels. About 99 percent of solar radiation is contained in a wavelength region from 300 nm (ultraviolet) to 3,000 nm (near-infrared). diffuse radiation Radiation received from the sun after reflection and scattering by the atmosphere and ground. Instead, photosynthetic organisms contain light-absorbing molecules called, The set of wavelengths absorbed by a pigment is its, Each photosynthetic pigment has a set of wavelength that it absorbs, called an absorption spectrum. conduction band (or conduction level) An energy band in a semiconductor in which electrons can move freely in a solid, producing a net transport of charge. The most common size is AA, which measures 14.5mm in diameter and 50.5mm in height. Some loads will not tolerate voltage variations greater than a few percent. Meaning of C.. What does C. mean? It varies inversely with the batterys charge (discharge) current and time. F. Solar lights can be turned off when not in use because they have an on/off switch. n-type silicon Silicon material that has been doped with a material that has more electrons in its atomic structure than does silicon. capacity factor The ratio of the average load on (or power output of) an electricity generating unit or system to the capacity rating of the unit or system over a specified period of time. This feature is recommended if the battery temperature is expected to vary more than 5C from ambient temperature. Uses an aperture of 5.7 to transcribe the solar disc. deep-cycle battery A battery with large plates that can withstand many discharges to a low state-of-charge. The voltage of the previously indicated 6600 mAh battery is 14.4V, translating to a total work capacity of 6.6 * 14.4 * 3600 = 342144 joules. vacuum zero The energy of an electron at rest in empty space; used as a reference level in energy band diagrams. energy audit A survey that shows how much energy used in a home, which helps find ways to use less energy. The free electron (negative charge) and the hole (positive charge) are a pair. donor level The level that donates conduction electrons to the system. contact resistance The resistance between metallic contacts and the semiconductor. cutoff voltage The voltage levels (activation) at which the charge controller disconnects the photovoltaic array from the battery or the load from the battery. total AC load demand The sum of the alternating current loads. If you've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn, you're probably well aware of the sun's immense energy. In a semiconductor, the Fermi level is in the band gap. Life may be measured in cycles and/or years, depending on the type of service for which the cell or battery is intended. energy density The ratio of available energy per pound; usually used to compare storage batteries. The meaning of WHAT WITH is used to introduce the part of a sentence that indicates the cause of something. This is used to creates steam, which spins a turbine to generate electricity. Lumens measure how much light you are getting from a bulb. Its commonly found in sand and quartz (as the oxide). ancillary services Services that assist the grid operator in maintaining system balance. smart grid An intelligent electric power system that regulates the two-way flow of electricity and information between power plants and consumers to control grid activity. Certain semiconductors, including silicon, gallium arsenide, copper indium diselenide, and cadmium telluride, are uniquely suited to the photovoltaic conversion process. When a pigment absorbs a photon of light, it becomes, Only a photon with just the right amount of energy to bump an electron between orbitals can excite a pigment. Since they are powered by solar radiation they have no wires to connect. indium oxide A wide band gap semiconductor that can be heavily doped with tin to make a highly conductive, transparent thin film. silicon (Si) A semi-metallic chemical element that makes an excellent semiconductor material for photovoltaic devices. It tells the panels to stop working at night because it senses the light being received by them. The two most common orientations are (1) one axis where the array tracks the sun east to west and (2) two-axis tracking where the array points directly at the sun at all times. B balance of system Represents all components and costs other than the photovoltaic modules/array. When it comes to setting up a solar energy system, one of the components that can cause the most confusion is a solar charge controller. series connection A way of joining photovoltaic cells by connecting positive leads to negative leads; such a configuration increases the voltage. Also called a solar cell. azimuth angle The angle between true south and the point on the horizon directly below the sun. direct insolation Sunlight falling directly upon a collector. inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) cell A photovoltaic cell that is a multijunction device whose layers of semiconductors are grown upside down. The amount that reaches the earth is equal to one billionth of total solar energy generated, or the equivalent of about 420 trillion kilowatt-hours. direct current (DC) A type of electricity transmission and distribution by which electricity flows in one direction through the conductor, usually relatively low voltage and high current. Test results are subject to a list of defined requirements. heterojunction A region of electrical contact between two different materials. hydrogenated amorphous silicon Amorphous silicon with a small amount of incorporated hydrogen. cleavage of lateral epitaxial films for transfer (CLEFT) A process for making inexpensive gallium arsenide (GaAs) photovoltaic cells in which a thin film of GaAs is grown atop a thick, single-crystal GaAs (or other suitable material) substrate and then is cleaved from the substrate and incorporated into a cell, allowing the substrate to be reused to grow more thin-film GaAs. We'll see how both of these processes work in the next section: the, Posted 7 years ago. A absorber In a photovoltaic device, the material that readily absorbs photons to generate charge carriers (free electrons or holes). converter A unit that converts a direct current (dc) voltage to another dc voltage. Properties of light. Therefore, they cannot be entirely perplexed. thick-crystalline materials Semiconductor material, typically measuring from 200-400 microns thick, that is cut from ingots or ribbons. It is simple to assume that the more capacity, the better the solar lights will function. Also called a multiple junction cell. A very large array of solar cells on each satellite would provide electricity, which would be converted to microwave energy and beamed to a receiving antenna on the ground. Your old batteries capacity is typically listed in the mAh rating. exciton A quasi-particle created in a semiconductor that is composed of an electron hole pair in a bound state. days of storage The number of consecutive days the stand-alone system will meet a defined load without solar energy input. module derate factor A factor that lowers the photovoltaic module current to account for field operating conditions such as dirt accumulation on the module. EDIT: turns out r/keyboards is pretty active so i'll ask there too EDIT 2: my windows key doesnt work so the "w" might be for windows. More lumens means it's a brighter light; fewer lumens means it's a dimmer light. This means that an electron jumps to a higher-energy orbital ( an orbital that is further from the nucleus). The term derives from the fact that this microscopically thin region is depleted of charge carriers (free electrons and hole). shunt regulator Type of a battery charge regulator where the charging current is controlled by a switch connected in parallel with the photovoltaic (PV) generator. Irradiance multiplied by time equals insolation. Whether the plant would be able to live or not depends both upon the plant itself and the wavelength of the light. grid-interactive system Same as grid-connected system. maximum power point tracker (MPPT) Means of a power conditioning unit that automatically operates the photovoltaic generator at its maximum power point under all conditions. The system and grid are automatically configured for optimal operation. A battery usually consists of several cells electrically connected together to produce higher voltages. grid lines Metallic contacts fused to the surface of the solar cell to provide a low resistance path for electrons to flow out to the cell interconnect wires. primary battery A battery whose initial capacity cannot be restored by charging. This term is related to system availability. solar spectrum The total distribution of electromagnetic radiation emanating from the sun. It also can refer to scheduling of imports or exports of energy into or out of a balancing area. J joule A metric unit of energy or work; 1 joule per second equals 1 watt or 0.737 foot-pounds; 1 Btu equals 1,055 joules. 4.Durable IP65 Waterproof - The hmcity light is made of the IP65 technology that makes it waterproof. voltage protection Many inverters have sensing circuits that will disconnect the unit from the battery if input voltage limits are exceeded. single-crystal material A material that is composed of a single crystal or a few large crystals. I wont go into depth about KW/H power because I think you are already familiar with it. With this method, physical processes, such as thermal evaporation or bombardment of ions, are used to deposit elemental semiconductor material on a substrate. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners. Czochralski process A method of growing large size, high quality semiconductor crystal by slowly lifting a seed crystal from a molten bath of the material under careful cooling conditions. How To Touch Live Wire Without Getting Shocked? Another common size is full-size AAA, slimmer than AA at 44.5mm high and 10.5mm in diameter. stand-off mounting Technique for mounting a photovoltaic array on a sloped roof, which involves mounting the modules a short distance above the pitched roof and tilting them to the optimum angle. The junction lies at the center of the cell barrier or depletion zone. fill factor The ratio of a photovoltaic cells actual power to its power if both current and voltage were at their maxima. Also, the earth or ground in a cathodic protection system. series controller A charge controller that interrupts the charging current by open-circuiting the photovoltaic (PV) array. junction A region of transition between semiconductor layers, such as a p/n junction, which goes from a region that has a high concentration of acceptors (p-type) to one that has a high concentration of donors (n-type). See also power factor. AnsweredContinue. Also called a total energy system or solar thermal system. The on/off switch is a potential source of trouble for a new owner who perhaps isn't aware that the switch is there. base load generating plants Typically coal or nuclear generating units that are committed and dispatched at constant or near-constant levels with minimum cycling. P-I-N A semiconductor photovoltaic (PV) device structure that layers an intrinsic semiconductor between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor; this structure is most often used with amorphous silicon PV devices. equalization The process of restoring all cells in a battery to an equal state-of-charge. balancing area A metered segment of the power system, maintained by a balancing area authority, that ensures the total of all electrical generation equals the total of all system loads. Hi, I'm Ryan Smithburger and I am a PhD in Computer Science, My knowledge and experience and everything I research, I will be sharing all here on my blog to help out you people. Thanks! surge capacity The maximum power, usually 3-5 times the rated power, that can be provided over a short time. Shorting the PV generator prevents overcharging of the battery. However, the various wavelengths in sunlight are not all used equally in photosynthesis. charge factor A number representing the time in hours during which a battery can be charged at a constant current without damage to the battery.

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