most expensive high school football stadium

most expensive high school football stadium

Penn State, coming off a decisive victory over Utah in the 2023 Rose Bowl, decided to renovate the 106,572-seat stadium over potentially building a new facility at a cost of $1.3 billion to $1.5 billion, sources said. ET on Sunday, Cole Murphy nailed a 45-yard field goal to give the USFL's Michigan Panthers a 3-0 lead early in the first quarter against the visiting New Jersey Generals at downtown . "Having the weight room underneath the stadium is a lot better, because we used to have to bus over to the weight room every day during the offseason," he said. An investigation in June found that the cracksdid not "pose a life safety concern.". Outdoor venues benefit from spill light control, no more skyglow and no more complaints from the neighbors. Without even breaking ground, the cost for McKinney ISD's new stadium is now topping $70 million. The Big Ten schools request for proposals hit the street last week for 10 architects to submit plans for a $496 million renovation of college footballs second-biggest venue, according to sources familiar with the document. "This is a performance of 100 kids on the field, but there are 700 kids in the band, 20 kids running the video board and doing all of the camera work. Senior cornerback Mayomi Olootu explained that the stadium givesthe team a slight advantage in the high-profile games. This 12,000-seat stadium ranks fourth in most expensive high school venues in the state and has it's own athletic complex (pictured first) that's akin to a college recruiting center. When Allen built the new stadium, it was able to increase its season-ticket allotment from 5,000 to 8,300. 5. To make the fans get the best on-site viewing experience, the design of the football stadium, the lights, the poles, the grass, etc., it may not be surprising that a lot of money has been invested to build the stadium. Copyright 2023 Click2Houston.com is managed by Graham Digital and published by Graham Media Group, a division of Graham Holdings. The stadium contains a practice facility for the wrestling team, which has won four straight state titles and produceda female state champion. Penn State University is moving ahead with its long-awaited refurb of Beaver Stadium and its a massive project. There is no doubt that football is one of the most popular sports in the world. The RFP was issued to Populous, Crawford Architects, DLR Group, Gensler, HKS, HNTB, HOK, Overland Partners, Perkins Eastman and Trahan Architects. In addition to the aforementioned amenities, the stadium will feature a dynamic exterior LED system that is capable of displaying the color of the teams playing on any night. Therefore, building a football field is a very meaningful thing for the community. Fans looking for more of a Texas feel will be happy to know that jalapeno-and-cheese sausage wraps are available at every game. *The stadium opened in 1939, but went through $33 million in renovation in 2014. SoFi Stadium (Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers): $5.5 billion. Following a disappointing playoff loss for the second year in a row, Giannis was asked if he viewed the season as a failure and had an interesting answer. Get a 42-inch oscillating fan for 15% off with this deal. Populous would appear to be the heavy favorite to win the job given its past work at Penn State, including previous renovations to Beaver Stadium, plus the design of $43 million in upgrades to the Lasch Football Building, the Nittany Lions practice facility. Save on AeroGarden indoor herb growing kits at Amazon, Create a bonsai tree out of bricks with this $40 LEGO set, Dyson's air purifying headphones have finally arrived, Preorder 'The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom' today, There are a ton of great patio furniture sets on sale right now, Beat the heat with this discounted Lasko tower fan from Amazon, Apple deal: The 2023 MacBook Pro Laptop is under $2,000 on Amazon. and RGB lighting can drive the atmosphere of the scene. The $53 million Children's Health Stadium has the largest high school video board in Texas and serves Prosper ISD, according to the Dallas Morning News. Longview Pine Tree High School's Pirate Stadium, which cost $16 million to build in 2013. Just in time for high school football season, a Dallas-area school district is opening a new $70 million stadium this week. The stadium revenue in the new stadium in 2012 was $611,408. The Berry Center has a capacity of 11,000. Cy-Fair ISD's Berry Center cost $80 million in 2006, but it also includes a 9,500-seat arena and 456-seat theater to go along with the football stadium. 1 in heat-related pet deaths, New parking meters, price increase at Zilker Park, Air quality awareness: Austins problem pollutants. The Upward Light Ratio of the P73 series LED stadium lights is 0%. Allen Eagle Stadium: Allen, Texas. The stadium produced a substantial increase in revenue over the old stadium. Biggest and Most Expensive High School Football Stadiums - In this video we take a complete look at some the most amazing high school football stadiums in th. According to Carroll, the low ticket price has driven the demand. Spring ISD announced in a release, Oct. 15, that the new stadium will debut week 10 when Spring hosts Eisenhower, Oct. 31 at 7 p.m., and Dekaney hosts Aldine, Nov. 1 at 7 p.m. Westfield is . The 2023 NFL Draft runs April 2729 live from Kansas City, Missouri. TEXAS' MOST EXPENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL STADIUMS Sheldon ISD Panther Stadium (C.E. Alabama quarterback Alec Morris and Arkansas running back Jonathan Williams played on the 2011 Allen squad. Beaumont ISDCost: $47.3 million*Opened: 2010Capacity: 10,600*The cost of the stadium also includes a natatorium. The Carrol A. When you walk into the stadium, it feels like you are walking into a college- or professional-football facility. Whether youre shopping Way Day 2023 or Walmart, theres an al fresco set for you. 1. "Think of this as a performance of Allen High School students," Carroll said. 4. Alamo Stadium is seen Tuesday Aug. 12, 2014 from a quadcopter. Take a look at these magnificent buildings and masterpieces. Here are our top choices -- some famous, some quirky and some for other reasons -- for the nation's best places to watch high school football. Save on AeroGarden indoor herb growing kits at Amazon, Create a bonsai tree out of bricks with this $40 LEGO set, Dyson's air purifying headphones have finally arrived, Preorder 'The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom' today, There are a ton of great patio furniture sets on sale right now, Beat the heat with this discounted Lasko tower fan from Amazon, Apple deal: The 2023 MacBook Pro Laptop is under $2,000 on Amazon, Former ABC 13 anchor finishes Ironman with 2 broken wrists, Willie Nelson inhales the love at 90th birthday concert, Meyers homers as Astros avoid sweep with win over Phils, Watch: Fire breaks out at Houston's Traders Village, New Texas bill would charge electric car drivers $200 annual fee. A natural grass field using native soil can cost between $1.50-$ 3.00 per square foot. At 4:13 p.m. Here are the list of the Top 10 most expensive football stadiums in the world. According to the proposal, the stadium will achieve zero carbon emissions and climate control. Abbott, FBI announce rewards for info on Cleveland mass shooter, Massive ranch up for sale near Texas next big state park, Texas man catches giant alligator snapping turtle, releases it, 3,800-acre San Antonio-area property to become Texas state park, Uber ranks Houston among most 'forgetful' U.S. cities, Former KPRC 2 anchor Dominique Sachse to launch podcast Monday, Texas college baseball player hit by stray bullet mid-game, You can own your own cave system for a cool $875k, home included, Texas to host national hot air balloon championship this summer, Report: Texas man took break from dinner date to kill man outside, J.J. Watt tweets the 2 things he doesn't miss about Houston, One of Houston's tallest skyscrapers to become apartment complex, posted a video of a California high school football stadium, Greg Abbott announces $50k reward for information on Cleveland shooting, Massive Coastal Bend ranch up for sale near Texas next big state park, Texas man catches massive alligator snapping turtle, then releases it back into the wild, Property north of San Antonio set to become a new Texas state park, Uber ranks Houston among the most 'forgetful' U.S. cities, How former KPRC 2 anchor Dominique Sachse is getting back to reporting, Texas A&M University-Texarkana baseball player hit by a stray bullet mid-game. Some local high school football stadiums have so much gravitas that the fortunes of a town rise and fall with wins and losses. 1. The rate of a turf football field installation will vary from $640,000 to around $2,000,000. For example, lighting, stands, and fences are basically related to the game. The timetable calls for Penn State to come up with a short list of finalists in May with interviews scheduled for June, sources said. The price tag for the construction of this mega-stadium was $59.6 million. In 2012, the gate from the new Allen I.S.D. Considering above all, the standard dimensions of the mini football field can be 20m x 40m, 25m x 45m, 30m x 50m and its multiples. The lighting standard should be determined according to the function of football field. Youtube. Blog. Think outside the box this Mothers Day and opt for gifts other than flowers and chocolate. Copyright USA TODAY High School Sports 2023, https://usatodayhss.com/lists/the-top-10-most-expensive-high-school-football-stadiums-in-texas, Cy-Fair FCU Stadium - (Cy-Fair ISD): $80 million, Legacy Stadium - (Katy ISD): $70.3 million, McKinney Stadium - (McKinney ISD) $70 million, Woodforest Bank Stadium - (Conroe ISD): $49 million, Childrens Health Stadium - (Prosper ISD): $48 million, Memorial Stadium - (Beaumont ISD): $47.3 million, District Stadium - (Tomball ISD): $42.6 million, Freedom Field - (Alvin ISD): $41.4 million, Challenger-Columbia Stadium - (Clear Creek ISD): $39 million, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. The stadium also features 42 concession-serving lines along with a three-level press box complete with filming decks for the media and coaches. Chelsea Pitch Owners PLC (CPO) is the company that holds the freehold o Add: 5th Floor, Building A5, Xinjianxing Science and Technology Industrial Park, Guangming District, Shenzhen. Your email address will not be published. King High School as part of Sheldon ISD's $285 million 2016 bond. The $49 million . Allen High School has an enrollment of more than 5,600 students in grades nine through 12. "So we got significantly larger, and all of our facilities got larger, but the stadium did not," Carroll said. It seemed appropriate that the Eagles pulled off a tremendous upset on the opening night of a stadium that redefined what high school stadiums could be. KATY, Texas (KTRK) -- All eyes were on Katy ISD as the district dedicated its $70 million stadium to the world Thursday night. Allegiant Stadium (Las Vegas Raiders): $1.9 billion. DLR Group is strong in the college space and Crawford designed Pegula Ice Arena, Penn States 6,000-seat hockey facility that opened in 2013. King) Sheldon ISD Cost: $32.5 million Opened: 2019 Capacity: 10,000. Chris Nations, president of The Nations Group, told VenuesNow at this time he was not allowed to speak about the Beaver Stadium project. Read the details of Texas' most expensive 10 high school football stadiums: 1.Cy-Fair FCU Stadium Cypress. *The cost of the stadium also includes a natatorium. To the south of Cy-Fair, due west of Houston, sits the city of Katy. The $59.6 million dollar, 18,000 seat Allen Eagle Stadium includes a sunken-bowl design, video scoreboard, multi-level press box, weight room, wrestling room, and an indoor golf facility. Figure this will cost you between $25,000 and $100,000, depending on your leagues requirements, whether you seed or sod, and other aspects. Check out the most expensive high school football stadiums in Texas above. Besides the obvious benefits of having construction workers spending money in the city during the two-year building process, the stadium spurred several business owners to relocate to be closer to the stadium. There are a lot of people driving by to look at the stadium who stop in and become customers. He explained that the team appreciates the way the new stadium allows more of the community to come out and support the team. Some colleges, such as Baylor University in Waco, Texas (located more than an hour away from Allen), do not even have an instant-replay video board at their football games. "It always reminds us what our main goal is and what we are trying to accomplish.". It can be divided into seven levels: 200lx for training and entertainment activities, 500lx for amateur games, 750lx for professional games, 1000lx for general TV broadcast, 1400lx for high-definition TV broadcast for large international games, and 750lx for TV emergency. Allen I.S.D. The Allen Eagle Stadium has three large concession stands and one smaller stand. All eyes will be on Katy ISD as the district unveils its $70 million stadium to the world. KATY, Texas (NBC News) The most expensive high school football stadium in the nation will be unveiled Thursday night. Because of the overflowing crowds,many of the Eagle fans and even players' parents had to sit with fans of the visiting team at the old stadium. The Katy, Texas, stadium cost $70.3 . (February 2021) Rank Stadium Sport Main tenant(s) League Country City . Sheriff: Texas mass shooting suspect could be anywhere, BestReviews.com - Top gifts to make everyone happy this spring, Drew Barrymores Walmart collection is perfect for, Best Mothers Day gifts for the budding plant mom, Best Mothers Day Gifts for moms obsessed with books, What you need to know ahead of the May 6 election, Share your TxTag troubles & be part of the solution, KXANs beloved Kaxan dies after brain cancer battle. Published by Tripucka said that the new stadium and the success of the football team has helped increase business. The pole height of the mini football field can be 7 m to 9 m. Among different proportions, 30m x 50m is the most preferred ones. P73 series stadium lights are designed for the precise light control needs of the North American and European markets. Your local high school coach's greatest nemesis will now be owned by a Hong Kong-based private equity firm. Construction on Tomball ISD's brand-new district stadium, part of the Elmer & Dorothy Beckendorf Educational Complex was completed in June 2021, with the venue officially opening in August. The $32 million Panther Stadium opened next . Wembley Stadium. The facility also serves plenty of traditional fare,including an all-beef hot dog, hamburgers, pepperoni or cheese pizzas, pretzels, and chili-cheese fries. The power supply and lamp body can be mounted separately, reducing the withstand weight of the lamp pole and facilitating maintenance. Home. The Berry Center is also home to a basketball arena and theater. It is one of only nine schools to have won multiple 5A state titles in football. 4 on the list. The $20 million Randall Reed Stadium has housed New Caney ISD football teams in Montgomery County since 2014. Note: All quotes obtained firsthand in recent interviews with Bleacher Report unless otherwise noted. Walton. Allen I.S.D. We did not want students in portable buildings while we were building a football stadium down the street.". There are fanatic fans everywhere in the world, and even many fans spent high costs on freight tickets and admission tickets across the ocean to watch the game, just to support their favorite club or player. "I don't think the cost was anything that they really looked into.". Tim Carroll, who is the director of public relations for Allen I.S.D., said that it was simply a matter of supply and demand. Project stands among most expensive in college football Penn State University is moving ahead with its long-awaited refurb of Beaver Stadium and it's a massive project. stadium boom that has spread across Collin County, Texas, under-construction stadium in McKinney, Texas. Best High School Football Stadium in Every State. Even as more and more students pass through the school, the low costof tickets means that no onegives up their seats. RELATED:What it cost to go to college the year you were born. For a small piece of land, the plan costs tens of thousands of dollars. "This is about our kids and the future of McKinney ISD," he said. Houston ISD unveiled the $35 million renovation of Delmar Fieldhouse, which includes a basketball court and football stadium in 2017. A Texas graduate, he is married with three children and lives outside Fort Worth, Texas. Unbearable strong glare 3. Galena Park ISDCost: $21 million*Opened: 2002Capacity: 10,300* - The cost also includes construction of a new natatorium. It cost a controversial $72 million, but is it money well spent? It opened on Aug. 31, 2012 with a matchup between the Allen Eagles and the defending Texas 5A state champion Southlake Carroll Dragons. Install 3 units of 1000 watts LED football stadium lights on each pole, in total 18 units lights. Uh yes, Mr. California. With the high school football playoffs kicking off this week, here are some of the biggest and best stadiums in Texas to attend a game. Get the Android Weather app from Google Play, Sign Up for Daily News & Breaking News Newsletters, Sign up for Digging Deep: Inside KXAN Investigates newsletter. Fernando.ramirez@chron.com, $70 million Dallas high school football stadium opens, but it's not the most expensive one, *The $80 million figure also includes construction of 9,500-seat arena and 456-seat theater. There are many factors to consider and depend on your choice. As tested it will cause 30% reduction of light output Cost: $80 million. That . Allen will typically produce two or three FBS recruits a year. "We have eight high schools and we were in a scheduling dilemma," Hindt said. Still Practicing: Tracking Problem Doctors, Texas Coronavirus Vaccine Rollout Investigations, Sign up for More than the Score Sports newsletter. "Game days on Friday were nothing like we could have ever expected," she said. If they were $200, I would not hold them. TEXAS' MOST EXPENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL STADIUMSSheldon ISD Panther Stadium (C.E. If you need help with the Public File, call (713) 778-4745. MECREE advocates saving energy and making our homes greener and more environmentally friendly. Allen, whichvalues the educational experience of its children, is willing to spend money to enhance that experience. That's an increase of $907,401. Cy-Fair ISDCost: $80 million*Opened: 2006Capacity: 11,000*The $80 million figure also includes construction of 9,500-seat arena and 456-seat theater. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate. Here are the top 10 most expensive high school football stadiums in Texas, according to the Houston Chronicle. Pflugerville ISDCost: $25.8 millionOpened: 2017Capacity: 10,000, Fort Bend ISDCost: $25 millionOpened: 2004Capacity: 10,000. While built for football, Allen I.S.D. In a state where crowds of more than 40,000 attend high school football games, Allen had to build a stadium to accommodate the increased ticket demand. Where is Anfield? They are mostly preferred for sports complexes built in neighborhoods, schools and collective housing. While at the game, high school football fans can feast on Dickey's Barbecue and Chick-fil-A. We hope to help some areas where football lighting is not so popular and give them a better lighting environment to enjoy the happiness brought by football. The $20 million Randall Reed Stadium has housed New Caney ISD football teams in Montgomery County since 2014. New Caney ISDCost: $20 millionOpened: 2014Capacity: 8,200. The solution was to put temporary seating in the corners of the end zone and surrounding the field. At that time, the stadiums capacity was about 46,300. admin The field was completed in 1976, and it has a seating capacity of about 20,000 seats. Overland, Perkins Eastman and Trahan are the outliers. McKinney ISD Stadium came in at $69.9 million (add on another $10 million in fixing foundational cracks). Games will be held in 2022 . Building a natural grass field with a sand cap can cost between $2.75-$ 4.00 per square foot. Over 80 years after discontinuing their football program, Roanoke is set to bring it back to campus, provided they can drum up some financial support in a hurry. Located under the home stands, the weight room is used year-round by all of the athletic teams at Allen High School. Here is a list of 13 must-see high school venues already standing that . "The new stadium gives us great foot traffic. Spring ISD sold its new stadium's name to the Planet Ford car dealership for $750,000 over 10 years, thus - Planet Ford Stadium. Its no secret football is life inTexas. Football lighting is divided into football field lighting inside the field and football field lighting outside the field. Gallatin High School. And despite having a multi-million dollar stadium constructed specifically for them, high school teams travel to professional NFL venues for some of their biggest games such as the state championships and playoffs. *Also includes the cost of a new natatorium. Home to an estimated 17,000 people -- more than double the city's 1990 population and a 45 percent growth since 2000 -- Katy's median household income is just north of $73,000, 40 percent above the national average. The 2023 NFL Draft runs April 2729 live from Kansas City, Missouri. Waste energy,outdated reflective technology. 5th Floor, Building A5, Xinjianxing Science and Technology Industrial Park, Guangming District, Shenzhen, International standard ( length 100-110m, width 64-75m). The facility is called Legacy stadium, while the field is named after Mike Johnston, who led the Katy Tigers to three state football titles in seven years. 1 of 93 On Monday, Katy ISD school board trustees unanimously approved naming the school district's new football stadium opening this fall as "Legacy Stadium." It will be the most expensive . 10.5 C. New York. While 70% still have high overflow At $70 million, Legacy Stadium, located on Katyland Drive, is the most expensive high school football stadium in the U.S. "It's something that this community wanted," Superintendent Lance Hindt said. For common, full-sized football or soccer turf fields, a conservative price of $5.00 per square foot ought to be budgeted. Populous came up with those numbers after completing studies comparing the cost to construct a new 100,000-plus capacity building with upgrading Beaver Stadium, which opened in 1960. It's the latest entrant in what the local media refers to as a stadium "arms race."The 12,000-seat . According to 247Sports.com, he is considered one of the top quarterback prospects in the 2015 recruiting class and has already received scholarship offers from Ohio State, Clemson and Texas Tech. Discover something new every day from News, Sports, Finance, Entertainment and more! Your email address will not be published. When it comes to 20m x 40m dimensions, they are mostly preferred for individual use in private properties. If you dont do something, what it costs you to do something five years from now, has exponentially more cost to it than interest rate risks. Seven schools call Cy-Fair FCU Stadium home. List of the most expensive stadiums in the world. By our count, the new $70 million structure is the second most expensive high school stadium in Texas, losing out only to Cy-Fair ISD's $80 million Berry Center in Houston that opened in 2006. Katy ISDCost: $70.3 millionOpened: 2017Capacity: 12,000. Anyone searching for caffeine will be happy to know that cappuccino is served at all four concession stands. Texas can certainly top that. A game between the North Shore Mustangs and Channelview Falcons in the second half at Ray Maddry Stadium on Friday, October 9, 2015 in Channelview Texas. Memorial Stadium opened in 2010 in Beaumont after a $47 million renovation that included a natatorium, according to chron.com. Here are the top 10 most expensive high school stadiums in Texas: Copyright 2020 by KPRC Click2Houston - All rights reserved. However, due to all the corruption allegations surrounding the entire incident, the actual cost is estimated to exceed the officially announced statement. The outside of Clear Creek ISD's Challenger Columbia stadium. It is one of the few state-of-the-art high school facilities inside the Houston city limits. Saturday, April 29, 2023. Craig Moseley/Staff. Charging small fees for local competitions and tournaments can help people invest in building competitions. Copyright 2018 Shenzhen Mecree Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd. What kinds of football stadium lighting are divided into? During a typical home game, each stand will bring in $30,000 inrevenue. Channelview ISDCost: $24 million*Opened: 2012Capacity: 9,000*This cost also included a new gym. The $38.9 million stadium opened in 2019 with a capacity of 8,000. McKinney ISDCost: $70 millionOpened: 2018Capacity: 12,000. "Butch" Thomas Educational Support Center in Beaumont. Stadium is used by several other sports as well. 04 30,2020. It was part of the $285 million bond passed by Sheldon ISD in 2016. Make Yahoo Your Homepage. Students will also have several responsibilities during gameday, including operating the video scoreboard. Instagram. No team in the state consistently draws crowds as big as the Allen Eagles do. Theplans for the new stadium began in 1995, when the city planners realized that the city was going to continue to grow. Tomball ISD Stadium is the newest high school football stadium in Texas as it opened its doors this year. Performance meets portability with Apple's 2023 MacBook Pro. Here are some of the worst. Students Suffer. "The first game we actually had friends who came here, who went behind the counter to help out." Depending on how those aspects come together, the final costs will likely be between $420,000 $1,140,000. The Top 10 Most Expensive Stadiums In The World. Save you time,unnecessary costs and greater benefits. maintenance-free, flexible installation, can be installed on your existing foundation Structurally, it can save a lot of materials and labor. "It is a lot better when more of the city is able to come out and watch us, and we really appreciate the support.". King)Sheldon ISDCost: $32.5 millionOpened: 2019Capacity: 10,000. HOK has strength in Nate Appleman, the firms director of sports, recreation and entertainment. Watch more top videos, highlights, and B/R original content. Shenzhen Mecree Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Green Light New Energy Co., Ltd. How much does it cost to build a football field? According to reports, Hasan Al Tawadi, Secretary General of the Supreme Delivery and Heritage Committee, said Qatar will spend $ 8 billion to $ 10 billion to build nine new World Cup stadiums and renovate three stadiums for Qatar. But the . According to Carroll, Allen played before a large crowd in every home game after the record-setting home opener. It won the 2008 5A state title and the 2012 5A state title. Regardless of market conditions tied to financing and construction materials, Nations said it behooves schools to start these capital projects now to sustain football stadiums over the next 30 to 50 years. Guy K. Traylor Stadium is home to the Lamar CISD high schools in Fort Bend County. We are not only a manufacturer of high-power LEDs, More professional services are also included: Allen had never beaten Southlake before that night. The project cost extends to an additional $50 million for elements such as fixtures, furnishings and equipment and technology upgrades. New LED Sports Lighting Solution Provider, Best LED STADIUM LIGHTS Special Designed for sports lighting. Year: 2007. Four years ago, Katy ISD caused a stir when it opened the $70.3 million Legacy Stadium, which is the most expensive high school football stadium in the state. it will enable you to play in dark, dull day and night. The crown jewel of high school football. For several years, Radecic has been principally involved in future planning for the schools sports venues, tied to a 20-year master plan issued in 2017. Take 200lx for training and entertainment activities as an example: A: 4 Poles are arranged at the four corners of the stadium. The $32 million Sheldon ISD Stadium hosted its first game in 2019. We are your best supply chain manager! The concession stands are run by nonprofit organizations as a fundraiser. Sophomore quarterback Kyler Murray led Allen to a 15-1 record and state championship during its inaugural season in the new stadium. The stadium is located in northeast Houston. These are the most expensive high school football stadiums in Texas Briana Edwards , Digital Contributor Published: May 13, 2020, 2:18 PM Updated: August 31, 2020, 10:11 PM

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